دليل المعلم العصري في التربية وطرق التدريس د. عبد السلام عبد الله الجقندي

 قاموس كامبردج للاحصائيات (يحوي كل تفاصيل الفصل الاجرائي في الرسالة او الاطروحة وكل مايتعلق بالاحصائيات)

THE CAMBRIDGE DICTIONARY Of Statistics

الطبعة الثانية 2002

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The Cambridge Dictionary of Statistics aims to provide students of statistics, working

statisticians and researchers in many disciplines who are users of statistics with

relatively concise definitions of statistical terms. All areas of statistics are covered,

theoretical, applied, medical, etc., although, as in any dictionary, the choice of which

terms to include and which to exclude, is likely to reflect some aspects of the compiler’s main areas of interest, and I have no illusions that this dictionary is any different. My hope is that the dictionary will provide a useful source of reference for both

specialists and non-specialists alike. Many definitions necessarily contain some mathematical formulae and/or nomeclature, others contain none. But the difference in

mathematical content and level amongthe definitions will, with luck, largely reflect

the type of reader likely to turn to a particular definition. The non-specialist looking

up, for example, Student’s t-tests will hopefully find the simple formulae and associated written material more than adequate to satisfy their curiosity, while the specialist seekinga quick reminder about spline functions will find the more extensive

technical material just what they need.

The dictionary contains approximately 3000 headwords and short biographies of

more than 100 important statisticians (fellow statisticians who regard themselves as

‘important’ but who are not included here should note the single common characteristics of those who are). Several forms of cross-referencingare used. Terms in slanted

roman in an entry appear as a separate headword, although headwords defining

relatively commonly occurringterms such as random variable, probability, distribution, population, sample, etc., are not referred to in this way. Some entries simply refer

readers to another entry. This may indicate that the terms are synonyms or, alternatively, that the term is more conveniently discussed under another entry. In the

latter case the term is printed in italics in the main entry.

Entries are in alphabetical order usingthe letter-by-letter rather than the word-byword convention. In terms containingnumbers or Greek letters, the numbers or

corresponding English word are spelt out and alphabetized accordingly. So, for

example, 2
2 table is found under two-by-two table, and
-trimmed mean, under

alpha-trimmed mean. Only headings corresponding to names are inverted, so the

entry for William Gossett is found under Gosset, William. but there is an entry

under Box–Mu¨ ller transformation not under Transformation, Box–Mu¨ ller.

For those readers seekingmore detailed information about a topic, many entries

contain either a reference to one or other of the texts listed later, or a more specific

reference to a relevant book or journal article. (Entries for software contain the

appropriate address.) Additional material is also available in many cases in either

the Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences, edited by Kotz and Johnson, or the

Encyclopedia of Biostatistics, edited by Armitage and Colton, both published by

Wiley. Extended biographies of many of the people included in this dictionary can

also be found in these two encyclopedias and also in Leading Personalities in

Statistical Sciences by Johnson and Kotz published in 1997 again by Wiley.